Who is recognized as the founder of modern nursing and introduced antiseptic techniques during the Crimean War?

• A. Florence Nightingale
• B. John Snow
• C. Louis Pasteur
• D. Eduard Buchner

Answer: (A)

Florence Nightingale is recognized as the founder of modern nursing and is famed for bringing systematic hygiene and sanitary reform to military hospitals during the Crimean War. She organized a dedicated nursing corps, stressed hand hygiene, clean wards, proper waste disposal, good ventilation, and careful attention to supplies and patient care. By collecting and presenting data showing how mortality dropped when sanitary conditions improved, she helped professionalize nursing and established standards for nurse training and hospital sanitation that shaped medical care for years to come. The other figures were pivotal in related areas—epidemiology, germ theory, and biochemistry—but they did not found modern nursing or introduce antiseptic care in the Crimean War.